Global Multi-Strategy Fund (A) (PMSAX) |
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| Alpha- Alpha measures the difference between an investment's actual returns and its expected performance, given its level of risk (as measured by beta). A positive alpha figure indicates that the investment has performed better than expected. In contrast, a negative alpha indicates that an investment has underperformed, given the expectations established by the investment's beta. Many investors see alpha as a measurement of the value added or subtracted by an investment's manager. |
| Beta- Beta is a measure of an investment's sensitivity to market movements. It measures the relationship between an investment's excess return over T-bills and the excess return of the benchmark index. By definition, the beta of the benchmark (in this case, an index) is 1.00. Accordingly, an investment with a 1.10 beta has performed 10% better than its benchmark index - after deducting the T-bill rate - than the index in up markets and 10% worse in down markets, assuming all other factors remain constant. Conversely, a beta of 0.85 indicates that the investment has performed 15% worse than the index in up markets and 15% better in down markets. A low beta does not imply that the investment has a low level of volatility, though; rather, a low beta means only that the investment's returns do not move in step with the chosen index. |
| R-Squared- R-squared ranges from 0 to 100 and reveals how closely an investment's returns track those of a benchmark index. An R-squared of 100 means that all movements of an investment are completely correlated with movements in the index. For example, mutual funds that invest only in S&P 500 stocks will have an R-squared very close to 100 relative to the S&P 500 index. Conversely, a low R-squared indicates that very few of the investment's movements are explained by movements in its benchmark index. |
| Standard Deviation- Standard deviation is a statistical measure of how much an investment's returns are likely to fluctuate. These ranges assume that an investment's returns fall in a typical bell-shaped distribution. In any case, the greater the standard deviation, the greater the volatility. When an investment has a high standard deviation, its range of performance has been very wide, indicating that there is a greater potential for volatility. |
| Mean- Represents the annualized total return for a fund over a certain time period; usually in years. |
| Sharpe Ratio- Measures how an investment balances risks and rewards. The higher the Sharpe ratio, the better the investment's historical risk-adjusted performance. The Sharpe ratio is a measure developed by Nobel Laureate William Sharpe to evaluate how an investment balances risks and rewards. The higher the Sharpe ratio, the better the investment's historical risk-adjusted performance. It is calculated using standard deviation and excess return to determine reward per unit of risk. First, the average monthly return of the 90-day Treasury bill (over the defined time period) is subtracted from the investment's average monthly return. The difference in total return represents the investment's excess return beyond that of the 90-day Treasury bill, a risk-free investment. An arithmetic annualized excess return is then calculated by multiplying this monthly return by 12. To show a relationship between excess return and risk, this number is divided by the standard deviation of the investment's annualized excess returns. |
| Excess Return- The difference between an investment option's return and the return of an external standard such as a passive index. |
| Tracking Error- Also known as "excess risk," defined as the standard deviation or volatility of excess returns. |
| Information Ratio- A risk-adjusted measure commonly used to evaluate an active manager's involvement skill. It's defined as the manager's excess return divided by the variability or standard deviation of the excess return. |
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